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變壓(ya)器為什么能夠改(gai)變電壓(ya)的高低(di)呢？金泉電力帶領(ling)大家先(xian)來了解一下變壓器(qi)的結構。雖然變壓器(qi)有很多類型，大小差(cha)別也(ye)很大，但它們的基(ji)本結構是(shi)(shi)相似的，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)在同一個(ge)鐵心(xin)上繞兩(liang)組線圈，這兩(liang)組線圈分別叫做(zuo)初(chu)級線圈和(he)次級線圈。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)從初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)進去，從次(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)流(liu)出(chu)來。如(ru)果(guo)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)數比(bi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)多，次(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)降低，這(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)；反之(zhi)，如(ru)果(guo)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)數比(bi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)少，次(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)升(sheng)高(gao)，這(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。其實，變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)原理并不(bu)復雜，根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)感(gan)應原理，當一(yi)(yi)個導電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)物體(ti)處于(yu)(yu)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)，在(zai)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)中(zhong)就(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)夠感(gan)應出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)來。將(jiang)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)接在(zai)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)就(jiu)(jiu)輸入到變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，這(zhe)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)周(zhou)圍(wei)會(hui)(hui)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)(chang)。由于(yu)(yu)輸入的(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)方向(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)斷改變(bian)(bian)，就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)一(yi)(yi)個和電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)同步變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)(chang)，所(suo)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)(chang)沿變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)鐵芯(xin)構成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)條閉合回路。由于(yu)(yu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)與(yu)方向(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)斷改變(bian)(bian)，從而在(zai)次(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)內感(gan)應出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)來。因為在(zai)每一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)都相等(deng)，所(suo)以，次(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)數越多，從次(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)輸出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)就(jiu)(jiu)越高(gao)。如(ru)果(guo)將(jiang)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸入到變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)呢？由于(yu)(yu)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)始終沿一(yi)(yi)個方向(xiang)(xiang)，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)(chang)方向(xiang)(xiang)也就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)會(hui)(hui)發(fa)生(sheng)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)，于(yu)(yu)是(shi)，在(zai)次(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)上(shang)也不(bu)會(hui)(hui)感(gan)應出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。所(suo)以，變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)只能(neng)改變(bian)(bian)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。

變壓(ya)器主要是利用電(dian)(dian)磁感(gan)應原(yuan)理，從一個電(dian)(dian)路向另一個電(dian)(dian)路傳遞(di)電(dian)(dian)能或傳輸(shu)信(xin)號的一種電(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)能傳遞(di)或作為信(xin)號傳輸(shu)的重要元件(jian)。當(dang)初級(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)中通有交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)時，鐵芯(xin)〔或磁芯(xin))中便產生交變磁通，使次級(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)中感(gan)應出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(或電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu))。變壓(ya)器由鐵芯(xin)〔或磁芯(xin))和線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)組(zu)成.線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)有兩(liang)個或兩(liang)個以上(shang)的繞(rao)組(zu).其中接電(dian)(dian)源的繞(rao)組(zu)叫(jiao)初級(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)，其余的繞(rao)組(zu)叫(jiao)次級(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)。