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金泉(quan)電力介紹到(dao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)磁感應的(de)(de)原理來改變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)裝置，主要構件是初(chu)級線圈(quan)、次級線圈(quan)和鐵芯（磁芯）。主要功能有：電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)(huan)、電(dian)(dian)流變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)(huan)、阻(zu)抗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)(huan)、隔(ge)離、穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（磁飽和變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)）等(deng)(deng)(deng)。按用(yong)途可以分(fen)為：電(dian)(dian)力變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和特殊變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（電(dian)(dian)爐變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、整流變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、工頻(pin)試驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、礦用(yong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、音頻(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、中(zhong)頻(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、高(gao)頻(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、沖(chong)擊變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、儀用(yong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)子變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)、互感器(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)）。電(dian)(dian)路符號常用(yong)T當(dang)作編(bian)號的(de)(de)開頭.例: T01, T201等(deng)(deng)(deng)。

工作原理

變(bian)壓(ya)器由(you)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)（或磁芯(xin)(xin)）和線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)組(zu)成，線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)有兩個或兩個以上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)，其(qi)中接電(dian)源的(de)(de)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)叫(jiao)初(chu)級線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)，其(qi)余的(de)(de)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)叫(jiao)次級線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)。它(ta)可(ke)以變(bian)換交流電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流和阻抗。簡單(dan)的(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)心變(bian)壓(ya)器由(you)一個軟磁材料做成的(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)心及套在(zai)鐵(tie)(tie)心上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)兩個匝數不等(deng)的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)構成，如(ru)圖所示。

鐵(tie)(tie)心(xin)(xin)的作用是(shi)加強兩個(ge)線(xian)圈(quan)間的磁(ci)(ci)耦(ou)合。為了減(jian)少鐵(tie)(tie)內渦(wo)流和磁(ci)(ci)滯損(sun)耗，鐵(tie)(tie)心(xin)(xin)由涂漆的硅鋼片疊(die)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)而成(cheng);兩個(ge)線(xian)圈(quan)之間沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)的聯系，線(xian)圈(quan)由絕緣銅線(xian)（或(huo)鋁線(xian)）繞(rao)成(cheng)。一(yi)個(ge)線(xian)圈(quan)接(jie)(jie)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)源稱為初(chu)級線(xian)圈(quan)（或(huo)原線(xian)圈(quan)），另一(yi)個(ge)線(xian)圈(quan)接(jie)(jie)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)稱為次級線(xian)圈(quan)（或(huo)副線(xian)圈(quan)）。實(shi)際的變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是(shi)很復雜的，不可避免地存在銅損(sun)（線(xian)圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻發熱）、鐵(tie)(tie)損(sun)（鐵(tie)(tie)心(xin)(xin)發熱）和漏磁(ci)(ci)（經空(kong)氣閉合的磁(ci)(ci)感(gan)應線(xian)）等，為了簡化討論這里只介紹理(li)(li)想變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)。理(li)(li)想變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)成(cheng)立的條件(jian)是(shi)：忽(hu)略漏磁(ci)(ci)通，忽(hu)略原、副線(xian)圈(quan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，忽(hu)略鐵(tie)(tie)心(xin)(xin)的損(sun)耗，忽(hu)略空(kong)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)流（副線(xian)圈(quan)開路原線(xian)圈(quan)線(xian)圈(quan)中的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流）。例如電(dian)(dian)(dian)力變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)在滿載運行時(shi)（副線(xian)圈(quan)輸出額定功率）即接(jie)(jie)近理(li)(li)想變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)情(qing)況。

金泉電力談及變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)是(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)磁(ci)感應(ying)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)制成的(de)(de)靜止用(yong)電(dian)器(qi)。當(dang)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)圈(quan)接在(zai)交流電(dian)源上(shang)時，鐵心(xin)中便產生交變(bian)磁(ci)通，交變(bian)磁(ci)通用(yong)φ表示(shi)(shi)。原(yuan)(yuan)、副(fu)線(xian)圈(quan)中的(de)(de)φ是(shi)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)，φ也是(shi)簡諧函數，表為φ=φmsinωt。由(you)法(fa)拉第電(dian)磁(ci)感應(ying)定律可(ke)知，原(yuan)(yuan)、副(fu)線(xian)圈(quan)中的(de)(de)感應(ying)電(dian)動勢為e1=-N1dφ/dt、e2=-N2dφ/dt。式中N1、N2為原(yuan)(yuan)、副(fu)線(xian)圈(quan)的(de)(de)匝(za)數。由(you)圖可(ke)知U1=-e1，U2=e2（原(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)圈(quan)物理(li)量用(yong)下角(jiao)標(biao)1表示(shi)(shi)，副(fu)線(xian)圈(quan)物理(li)量用(yong)下角(jiao)標(biao)2表示(shi)(shi)），其復有效(xiao)(xiao)值為U1=-E1=jN1ωΦ、U2=E2=-jN2ωΦ，令k=N1/N2，稱變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)變(bian)比。由(you)上(shang)式可(ke)得U1/ U2=-N1/N2=-k，即(ji)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)原(yuan)(yuan)、副(fu)線(xian)圈(quan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)有效(xiao)(xiao)值之比，等于(yu)其匝(za)數比而且原(yuan)(yuan)、副(fu)線(xian)圈(quan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)位相(xiang)差為π。