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金泉電力向你詳細說明(ming)箱(xiang)式變電站(zhan)的使(shi)用原理

箱(xiang)(xiang)式變電(dian)站（簡(jian)稱(cheng)箱(xiang)(xiang)變）是一(yi)(yi)種把高壓(ya)(ya)開(kai)關設(she)備配(pei)電(dian)變壓(ya)(ya)器，低壓(ya)(ya)開(kai)關設(she)備，電(dian)能計量設(she)備和(he)無功補償裝置(zhi)(zhi)等按一(yi)(yi)定的(de)接(jie)線方案組合(he)在一(yi)(yi)個或幾個箱(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)內的(de)緊湊型成套配(pei)電(dian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)。它適(shi)用(yong)于額定電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)10/0.4KV三相交(jiao)流系統中，作為線路(lu)和(he)分配(pei)電(dian)能之用(yong)。

與(yu)同容(rong)量的歐式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)相(xiang)比較，美式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的結構(gou)更為合理。由(you)于(yu)歐式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)是(shi)(shi)將變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)及普通的高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)設備裝于(yu)同一個金屬外殼箱(xiang)(xiang)體中，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)室溫很高，引(yin)起散熱(re)困難，影(ying)響(xiang)出力；另一方面(mian)(mian)在箱(xiang)(xiang)體中采用普通的高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)負(fu)(fu)荷開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)和熔斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)柜(ju)，所以歐式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)體積較大。美式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)與(yu)歐式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)結構(gou)上(shang)不一樣。從布(bu)置(zhi)上(shang)看，其低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)室、變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)室、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)室不是(shi)(shi)目(mu)字型(xing)布(bu)置(zhi)，而是(shi)(shi)品(pin)字型(xing)布(bu)置(zhi)。從結構(gou)上(shang)看，這種箱(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)分為前(qian)、后兩部分前(qian)面(mian)(mian)為高、低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)操(cao)作(zuo)間隔(ge)，操(cao)作(zuo)間隔(ge)內包括高低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)線(xian)端(duan)子，負(fu)(fu)荷開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)操(cao)作(zuo)柄，無載調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分節開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)，插(cha)入(ru)式(shi)熔斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，油(you)位(wei)計等；后部為注油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)及散熱(re)片，將變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)繞組(zu)、鐵芯、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)負(fu)(fu)荷開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)和熔斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)放入(ru)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)中。

避雷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也采(cai)用(yong)(yong)油(you)浸(jin)式(shi)(shi)金屬氧(yang)化(hua)物避雷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)取消油(you)枕，采(cai)取油(you)加(jia)氣(qi)隙(xi)體積(ji)恒定原則設計密封式(shi)(shi)油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)及散(san)(san)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)暴露在(zai)空氣(qi)中(zhong)，沒(mei)有散(san)(san)熱(re)困難(nan)。低(di)壓(ya)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)塑(su)殼斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作為主斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及出線(xian)(xian)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。由(you)于(yu)結構簡化(hua)，這(zhe)種箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的占地面積(ji)和體積(ji)大(da)大(da)減小，由(you)于(yu)其(qi)體積(ji)很(hen)小再加(jia)上只(zhi)是(shi)一側(ce)開門，其(qi)所需占地面積(ji)僅(jin)是(shi)歐式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)的1/4，體積(ji)僅(jin)為同容(rong)量(liang)歐式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)的1/5-1/3。美(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)高(gao)壓(ya)側(ce)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)熔斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)，低(di)壓(ya)側(ce)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)塑(su)殼自動(dong)空氣(qi)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)，與(yu)中(zhong)國10kV配(pei)變(bian)(bian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)相同。高(gao)壓(ya)熔斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內部故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，自動(dong)空氣(qi)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)低(di)壓(ya)側(ce)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的過電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)、欠電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)。美(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)存在(zai)的缺點。由(you)于(yu)負(fu)荷開關(guan)浸(jin)在(zai)油(you)里，油(you)被電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)碳化(hua)、分(fen)解(jie)，產生乙炔等有害氣(qi)體，使得(de)性能下(xia)降，曾發生事(shi)故(gu)。看不到明顯斷(duan)(duan)開點，檢(jian)修不方(fang)便(bian)。因為美(mei)(mei)國低(di)壓(ya)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)及計量(liang)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)與(yu)中(zhong)國不同，美(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)本(ben)身不帶低(di)壓(ya)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)和計量(liang)。為滿足國內用(yong)(yong)戶的需要，國產箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)在(zai)低(di)壓(ya)側(ce)加(jia)裝低(di)壓(ya)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)柜。由(you)于(yu)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)長期(qi)處于(yu)太(tai)陽的直曬下(xia)，影(ying)響塑(su)殼斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的散(san)(san)熱(re)，使得(de)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不能正常開斷(duan)(duan)負(fu)載及短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，易引發高(gao)壓(ya)側(ce)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)  。