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有(you)功功率(lv)是(shi)保持用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備正(zheng)常(chang)運行所需的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv)，也就(jiu)是(shi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換為(wei)其他形式能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(機械能(neng)(neng)、光能(neng)(neng)、熱能(neng)(neng))的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv)。比(bi)如(ru)：5.5千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機就(jiu)是(shi)把5.5千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換為(wei)機械能(neng)(neng)，帶動水泵抽水或脫(tuo)粒機脫(tuo)粒；各種(zhong)照明設(she)備將電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換為(wei)光能(neng)(neng)，供人(ren)們生活和工作照明。有(you)功功率(lv)的(de)(de)符(fu)號用(yong)P表示，單位(wei)有(you)瓦(wa)(wa)(W)、千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(kW)、兆瓦(wa)(wa)(MW)。

無功功率(lv)比較(jiao)抽(chou)象，它(ta)是(shi)用(yong)于電路內(nei)電場與磁(ci)場的交(jiao)換，并用(yong)來(lai)在電氣(qi)設(she)備中建(jian)立(li)(li)和維持磁(ci)場的電功率(lv)。它(ta)不(bu)對(dui)(dui)外作功，而是(shi)轉變為(wei)其他形式的能(neng)量。凡是(shi)有(you)電磁(ci)線圈(quan)(quan)的電氣(qi)設(she)備，要建(jian)立(li)(li)磁(ci)場，就要消耗無功功率(lv)。比如40瓦的日光(guang)(guang)燈，除需(xu)40多瓦有(you)功功率(lv)(鎮流(liu)器也需(xu)消耗一部分(fen)有(you)功功率(lv))來(lai)發光(guang)(guang)外，還需(xu)80乏左右的無功功率(lv)供鎮流(liu)器的線圈(quan)(quan)建(jian)立(li)(li)交(jiao)變磁(ci)場用(yong)。由(you)于它(ta)不(bu)對(dui)(dui)外做功，才被稱(cheng)之為(wei)“無功”。無功功率(lv)的符號用(yong)Q表示，單位為(wei)乏(Var)或(huo)千(qian)乏(kVar)。

無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)決(jue)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)無(wu)(wu)用功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)，它的(de)用處很(hen)大。電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)需(xu)(xu)要建(jian)立(li)和維持旋轉(zhuan)磁(ci)場(chang)，使(shi)轉(zhuan)子轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，從而帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)械運動(dong)(dong)，電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)轉(zhuan)子磁(ci)場(chang)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)靠從電(dian)源(yuan)取得無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)建(jian)立(li)的(de)。變(bian)壓器(qi)也同樣需(xu)(xu)要無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)，才能(neng)使(shi)變(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)一(yi)次(ci)線圈產生磁(ci)場(chang)，在(zai)二次(ci)線圈感應(ying)出電(dian)壓。因(yin)此(ci)，沒有(you)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)，電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)會(hui)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，變(bian)壓器(qi)也不(bu)(bu)能(neng)變(bian)壓，交流接觸器(qi)不(bu)(bu)會(hui)吸合。為了形(xing)象地說(shuo)明這個(ge)問(wen)題，現舉一(yi)個(ge)例子：農村修水(shui)利需(xu)(xu)要開(kai)挖土方運土，運土時用竹筐裝滿(man)土，挑(tiao)走的(de)土好比是(shi)有(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)，挑(tiao)空竹筐就(jiu)(jiu)好比是(shi)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)，竹筐并(bing)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)沒用，沒有(you)竹筐泥土怎么運到堤上呢?

金泉電力告訴(su)您在正常情(qing)況下，用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)不(bu)(bu)但要(yao)從電(dian)(dian)源取(qu)得有(you)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)，同(tong)時還需(xu)要(yao)從電(dian)(dian)源取(qu)得無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)。如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)網中的(de)(de)無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)供不(bu)(bu)應求，用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)就沒(mei)有(you)足夠的(de)(de)無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)來建立正常的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)磁場，那么，這些(xie)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)就不(bu)(bu)能維持在額定(ding)情(qing)況下工作，用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)的(de)(de)端電(dian)(dian)壓就要(yao)下降(jiang)，從而影(ying)響用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)的(de)(de)正常運行。