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交流電(dian)(dian)在通(tong)過純(chun)電(dian)(dian)阻的(de)時(shi)(shi)候，電(dian)(dian)能(neng)都(dou)轉成了熱能(neng)，而在通(tong)過純(chun)容性或者純(chun)感(gan)性負載(zai)(zai)的(de)時(shi)(shi)候，并不(bu)做(zuo)功(gong)(gong)。也就(jiu)是(shi)說(shuo)沒(mei)有消(xiao)耗電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，即為無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率。當然實際負載(zai)(zai)，不(bu)可能(neng)為純(chun)容性負載(zai)(zai)或者純(chun)感(gan)性負載(zai)(zai)，一(yi)般都(dou)是(shi)混合性負載(zai)(zai)，這樣電(dian)(dian)流在通(tong)過它們的(de)時(shi)(shi)候，就(jiu)有部分電(dian)(dian)能(neng)不(bu)做(zuo)功(gong)(gong)，就(jiu)是(shi)無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率，此時(shi)(shi)的(de)功(gong)(gong)率因數小于1，為了提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)利用(yong)率，就(jiu)要進(jin)行無功(gong)(gong)補償。 

電(dian)網(wang)(wang)中的(de)(de)電(dian)力負荷(he)如電(dian)動機、變壓(ya)器(qi)等(deng)，大部分屬(shu)于(yu)感(gan)性(xing)電(dian)抗，在運行過程(cheng)中需要向這些設(she)備(bei)(bei)提(ti)供相應(ying)的(de)(de)無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)。在電(dian)網(wang)(wang)中安裝并聯電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、同步調(diao)相機等(deng)容(rong)性(xing)設(she)備(bei)(bei)以后(hou)，可以供給(gei)感(gan)性(xing)電(dian)抗消耗的(de)(de)部分無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)小(xiao)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)源向感(gan)性(xing)負荷(he)提(ti)供無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)。也即減少(shao)無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)在電(dian)網(wang)(wang)中的(de)(de)流動，因此可以降低輸電(dian)線路因輸送無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)造(zao)成的(de)(de)電(dian)能損耗，改善(shan)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)運行條件(jian)。這種做法稱為(wei)無(wu)功(gong)補(bu)償。